{"id":100495,"date":"2026-07-29T18:41:53","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T16:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brennerbasisdemokratie.eu\/?p=100495"},"modified":"2026-07-30T10:11:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T08:11:07","slug":"euskara-la-rujeneda-plu-vedla-dleuropa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.brennerbasisdemokratie.eu\/?p=100495","title":{"rendered":"Euskara, la rujeneda plu vedla dl’Europa?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

de Sofia Stuflesser<\/em><\/p>\n

La Repartizion scola y cultura ladina se \u00e0 cruzi\u00e0 de ti pit\u00e9 al personal nseniant y a chi che l\u00ebura tla Ntend\u00ebnza ladina l mesun de f\u00e9 n\u2019ena de Erasmus+ oradec\u00e0 per giap\u00e9 mpulsc nueves y miur\u00e9 nscila nosc sistem scolastich. N pudova cr\u00ec ora sce n ulova f\u00e9 n curs o n job shadowing, ch\u00ebl uel d\u00ec j\u00ec a cial\u00e9 coche d\u2019autra scoles, istituzions o lies l\u00ebura y ie urganisedes. L viac me ei met\u00f9 a j\u00ec nst\u00ebssa, cuntatan la singula urganisazions. L viac ie dut un\u00ec finanzi\u00e0 dal\u2019Europa.<\/p>\n

Ie \u00e9 t\u00ebut la dezijion de mpar\u00e9 a cun\u00ebscer la rujeneda basca, nce tlameda euskara, che ie na rujeneda unica y pre-indoeuropea, mparenteda cun degun\u2019 autra, y perch\u00ebl povester la plu vedla dl\u2019Europa. La v\u00ebn rujeneda tl nord dla Spania y tl sud-vest dla Franzia. Ch\u00ebsta grupa de rujeneda ie scialdi inant n cont dla scunanza y promozion dla rujeneda y cultura. Daviadech\u00ebl ei n generel mpar\u00e0 a pens\u00e9 majer, nce coche cumenanza ladina. L ie stat na esperienza dut nt\u00ebur scialdi scialdi bela. \u00c9 mpar\u00e0 propi truep y giap\u00e0 de bona ideies che pudessan s\u00eburant\u00f2 per nosta cumenanza. Davia che l ie truep da cunt\u00e9 iel plu articuli de ch\u00ebsc argum\u00ebnt, partii su te plu pertes.<\/p>\n

L raion<\/h6>\n
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L’Euskal Herria (Paesc Basch) ie tla penijula iberica, spartida dal cunfin danter la Spania y la Franzia.1<\/a><\/sup>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basque_Country_%28greater_region%29#\/media\/File:Euskal_Herria_Europa.png<\/span> | Cherta y bandiera dl’Euskal Herria2<\/a><\/sup>https:\/\/www.alamy.com\/administrative-map-of-the-french-and-spanish-part-of-the-basque-country-with-flag-image433582933.html<\/span><\/em><\/small><\/p>\n

Basch, o Euskara coche n dij, v\u00ebn rujen\u00e0 tla Euskal Herria, per ladin: Paesc Basch. La Euskal Herria ie spartida dal cunfin naziunel danter la Spania y la Franzia. La majera pert dl Paesc Basch ie tla Spania, cun nt\u00ebur a 700.000 persones che l rejona. Tla Franzia al incontra v\u00ebniel rujen\u00e0 da za. 50.000.<\/p>\n

L ie cater provinzies tla Spania: Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, Araba, Nafarroa y tr\u00ebi tla Franzia: Lapurdi, Nafarroa Beherrea y Zuberoa. La primes tr\u00ebi numinedes toca pra la Cumunit\u00e0 Autonoma Basca. Cun la mort dl ditat\u00ebur Francisco Franco tl 1975 y la fin dla ditatura ie l Paesc Basch dl sud ie un\u00ec spart\u00ec te doi aministrazions: la Cumunit\u00e0 Autonoma Basca (Paesc Basch dl vest) y Navarra (Paesc Basch dl est).<\/p>\n

De duta la populazion che sta tl Paesc Basch rejona nt\u00ebur al 25% dla j\u00ebnt basch, te c\u00ebr raions depl\u00f9, te c\u00ebrc de manco.<\/p>\n

L Paesc Basch \u00e0 nce na si bandiera, che ie – autram\u00ebnter che la bandiera ladina, ufizialiseda y recunesciuda defin. La ie cuecena cun \u201cx\u201d v\u00ebrt y s\u00eburavia mo na cr\u00ebusc blancia. Ch\u00ebsta bandiera udoven for in\u00f2 tacheda ora. Daujin ala bandiera Euskara fovel nce suv\u00ebnz la bandiera dla Palestina da ud\u00ebi. \u201cSce n ie na mendranza ne possen nia rest\u00e9 neutrei y ndefr\u00ebnc a ch\u00ebl che l suzed te Palestina\u201d, me iel un\u00ec dit. Sciche la Palestina se s\u00ebnt na gran pert de j\u00ebnt basca for mo sotmetuda dala Spania y dala Franzia.<\/p>\n

Spart\u00ec te doi stac, se urientea l popul basch for plu y plu a ch\u00ebsta doi gran naziunaliteies, jan de zes dal\u2019autra pert dla cumenanza. La nflu\u00ebnza dala Spania y dala Franzia v\u00ebn for majera y majera. L\u2019assimilazion \u00e0 truep aspec: politics, linguistics, culturei, soziologics… La nflu\u00ebnza di gran stac ie nce da abad\u00e9 tla vita da uni di. Ntl\u00ebuta maioven p. ej. tla Spania da mar\u00ebnda danter la dodesc y mesa la un, al didancuei do mesa la doi o la 2. L ie nce da d\u00ec che tla Spania ne va l\u2019\u00ebura nia adum cun l t\u00ebmp. Vester tuch\u00ebssi da av\u00ebi l\u2019\u00ebura sciche tla Gran Bretania, ma l ditat\u00ebur Franco \u00e0 ntl\u00ebuta ul\u00f9 sfurz\u00e9 su la medema \u00ebura sciche tla Germania. Perch\u00ebl iel mo scialdi lin\u00ebus da s\u00ebira, sceb\u00ebn che l ie p. ej. bele la nuef. N leva nce scialdi plu tert, ajache l v\u00ebn plu tert lin\u00ebus.<\/p>\n

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Raions de orar tl’Europa3<\/a><\/sup>https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datei:Time_zones_of_Europe.svg<\/span><\/em><\/small><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Bai<\/td>\nsci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ez<\/td>\nno<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Egun on!<\/td>\nBon di!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Arratsalde on!<\/td>\nBon domesd\u00ec!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gabon!<\/td>\nBona nuet!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Agur!<\/td>\nAssud\u00ebi!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaixo!<\/td>\nOila!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mesedez!<\/td>\nPr\u00ebibel!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eskerrik asko!<\/td>\nDe gra!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barkatu! <\/td>\nScusa!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
On egin!<\/td>\nBon apetit!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ni Sofia naiz.<\/td>\nIe son Sofia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ni Ortiseikoa naiz.<\/td>\nIe son de Urtij\u00ebi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Rujeneda<\/h6>\n

L euskara ne n\u2019ie mparent\u00e0 cun degun\u2019 autra rujeneda. Nce sce n s\u00e0 spanuel, franz\u00ebus o ngl\u00ebisc ne nt\u00ebnden n\u00ebt nia a scut\u00e9 su. La rujeneda basca ie la s\u00ebula rujeneda pre-indoeuropea, ch\u00ebl uel d\u00ec che la fova bele il\u00f3 mo dan che la rujenedes indoeuropeiches, donca la rujenedes neolatines, germaniches y slaves se \u00e0 sparpani\u00e0 ora tl\u2019Europa. Povester ass\u00e9 che l basch ie la rujeneda plu vedla dl\u2019Europa che ie mo n vita.<\/p>\n

Nteressant iel nce che l basch ne n’\u00e0 degun feminin, masculin o neutrum. Nscila iel p. ej.  m\u00e9 un n articul. A rujen\u00e9 o a scr\u00ec ne muessen daviadech\u00ebl se f\u00e9 degun pensieres n cont dl gender o integrazion de persones LGBTQ.<\/p>\n

Articuli y preposizions coche n\u00ebus son usei, ne n’iel tl basch nia. Tres detlinazions y sufisc ala fin di sostantifs nt\u00ebnden cie che l ie min\u00e0. Mpede l articul v\u00ebniel tac\u00e0 lepr\u00f2 n -a pra la parola. Sce n uel d\u00ec l plurel pona tachen lepr\u00f2 \u201c-ak\u201d. Fajon n ej\u00ebmpl: \u201cEtxe\u201d uel d\u00ec c\u00ebsa, \u201cetxea\u201d uel d\u00ec la c\u00ebsa y \u201cetxeak\u201d la c\u00ebses.  <\/p>\n

Pra la majera pert dla paroles basches toma la cad\u00ebnza sun la segonda silba, ma l ie nce ezezions, ulache la toma sun la prima o n\u2019autra silba. A defr\u00ebnza dla rujeneda spanuela \u00e0 l euskara l pustom \u201ck\u201d mpede \u201cc\u201d. La rujeneda basca \u00e0 n valgun sons aspirei: th, kh, ph. Tl nord ie mo rest\u00e0 l \u201ch\u201d, tl sud no plu. Suv\u00ebnz liejen l pustom \u201cx\u201d, che v\u00ebn pronunzi\u00e0 \u201csc\u201d. Nce tla vedla leteratura fova l \u201cx\u201d ch\u00ebsta funzion, perch\u00ebl an t\u00ebut la dezijion de l manten\u00ec tl\u2019ortografia.<\/p>\n

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La r\u00eb de trasport publich \u00e0 inuem Txik Txak.4<\/a><\/sup>https:\/\/www.guide-du-paysbasque.com\/en\/tourism\/information\/locomotions\/coach\/bayonne-52\/txik-txak-8561.html#&gid=1&pid=7<\/span> | Na but\u00ebiga cun scrita basca5<\/a><\/sup>https:\/\/irulea.com\/?srsltid=AfmBOoqRlXowuVlf5bDR9Ab8oU_fhUEizGxlsxjI-UzsbFnZOT7kxksc<\/span><\/em><\/small><\/p>\n

Nteressant iel che l euskara ne n\u2019\u00e0 nia m\u00e9 si ortografia, ma propi nce na si scritura, n si font. L gran \u201cA\u201d \u00e0 p. ej. mo na rissa s\u00eburavia, sciche n t\u00ebt plat. La scritura euskara v\u00ebijen for in\u00f2 tla lerch publica, p. ej. sun i inuemes dla but\u00ebighes. N generel ie la rujeneda euskara scialdi prej\u00ebnta tla vita da uni di. Minechie v\u00ebijen scrites, n pert m\u00e9 per euskara, n pert nce per spanuel o franz\u00ebus, dinrer nce per ngl\u00ebisc: pra l pom ulache n druca per travers\u00e9 la streda, sun i chibli dal refudam, tla scrites tl aeroport de Bilbo (per spanuel Bilbao) y nsci inant. L ie nce truepa firmes che \u00e0 n inuem per euskara, p. ej. l inuem r\u00eb de trasport publich Txik Txak, scrit cun TX. La paroles Txik Txak v\u00ebn dal juech tradiziunel basch Pelota, y descrij l ritm canche l pal\u00e9 d\u00e0 s\u00ebura sun fonz, contra l par\u00ebi y v\u00ebn in\u00f2 de reviers.<\/p>\n

Tlo muessen mo njunt\u00e9 che tla lerch publica ie l euskara scialdi plu prej\u00ebnt tla pert spanuela dl Paesc Basch, che tla pert franz\u00ebusa, ajache i bascs tla Spania \u00e0 na c\u00ebrta autonomia \u2013 tla Franzia al incontra ne ai deguna autonomia. La rujeneda basca ie ufiziela tla Cumunit\u00e0 Autonoma Basca y n pert nce te Navarra. Tla pert franz\u00ebusa dl Paesc Basch ne n\u2019ie l Euskara nia na rujeneda ufiziela.<\/p>\n

Coche pra uni rujeneda desferenzieien nce tla Euskal Herria n valgun dialec defr\u00ebnc. Sce n sta tl nord ne nt\u00ebnden nia dr\u00eb chi che sta tl sud, ora che n se d\u00e0 nia ju n pue\u2019 plu avisa cun la rujeneda. Perch\u00ebl fovel de mpurtanza m\u00ebter su n standard dal 1968 inant.<\/p>\n

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Scrites per basch tl aeroport de Bilbo (Bilbao per spanuel). | Pom per pass\u00e9 via la streda. | I chibli dal refudam cun scrites m\u00e9 per euskara.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n

Standard<\/h6>\n

Tl prim fovel de gran resist\u00ebnzes contra l standard (nce tlam\u00e0 bat\u00faa), ma \u015b\u00ebn ie l standard scialdi azet\u00e0, ajache n se r\u00ebnd cont che z\u00ebnza l standard ne fossel nia tan na gran vijiblt\u00e0 dla rujeneda.<\/p>\n

Na defr\u00ebnza danter i idioms y l standard ie p. ej. che tl sud ne n\u2019iel nia plu l \u201ch\u201d, ma tl bat\u00faa b\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Te scolina v\u00ebniel rujen\u00e0 scialdi i singuli idioms. Te scola mperen pona man man a adurv\u00e9 l standard. I libri de scola ie scric per bat\u00faa, m\u00e9 puec libri ie scric ti idioms.<\/p>\n

L standard ie mpurtant per vester boni\/bones de se cap\u00ec cun d\u2019autra j\u00ebnt dl\u2019Euskal Herria. S\u00eburapr\u00f2 muessen vester boni de d\u00e9 p. ej. ntervistes tla televijion o tl radio per bat\u00faa. Nce i ejams provinziei per giap\u00e9 stieres publiches ie per standard. Te scola muessen perch\u00ebl for in\u00f2 i us\u00e9 a adurv\u00e9 n auter register.<\/p>\n

Inuemes<\/h6>\n

Sce \u00e0 da nf\u00e9 cun la j\u00ebnt lavia, pona se nt\u00ebnden che i inuemes y cuinuemes dla j\u00ebnt ie bascs. N valguna persones che \u00e9 ancunt\u00e0 \u00e0 inuem Begotxu Olaizola, Gorka Sastre, Itziar Cortes, Xan Aire, Mirentxu Ibargarai, Eneko Gorri, Urtzi Urrotikoetxea y Ani Bacho. Suv\u00ebnz v\u00ebniel tac\u00e0 lepr\u00f2 n sufis pra l inuem per mustr\u00e9 chi che ie i genitores. L\u2019\u00ebila che me \u00e0 dat d\u2019albierch \u00e0 inuem Begotia, ma duc ti dij Begotxu, che uel d\u00ec \u201cmuta de Veronica\u201d. La \u00e0 l medem inuem sciche si oma. A rujen\u00e9 v\u00ebniel mo tac\u00e0 lepr\u00f2 n sufis. Lepr\u00f2 pra l inuem iel pona \u2013 sciche tla Spania – mo l cuinuem dl pere y pona l cuinuem dl\u2019oma, o al cuntrer, ch\u00ebl possen cr\u00ec ora.<\/p>\n

Chi che uel possa nce lasc\u00e9 mud\u00e9 si cuinuem, fajan p. ej. n cuinuem basch ora de n cuinuem spanuel. Te ch\u00ebsc cajo v\u00ebn pona p. ej. l pustom \u201cc\u201d trasfurm\u00e0 te n \u201ck\u201d. Te feter uni scola iel na persona respunsabla per la rujeneda basca. Ch\u00ebsta nvieia danter l auter i genitores imigranc a mud\u00e9 si inuem.<\/p>\n

Nia m\u00e9 i inuemes dla persones ie nteressanc, nce i inuemes di luesc (toponims) ie particuleres. N valgun luesc ulache son stata fova Azpeitia, Zarautz, Orio, Donostia, Bayona y Uztaritze.<\/p>\n

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Begotxu Olaiziola me \u00e0 dat d’albierch te si cuatier Zarautz.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n

Soziolinguistica<\/h6>\n

Sciche truepa d\u2019autra de m\u00ebndra rujenedes al mond iel nce for manco y manco j\u00ebnt che rejona euskara. Ch\u00ebsc san da d\u00ec tres la nrescides soziolinguistiches che v\u00ebn for in\u00f2 fates da ulenteres che va ncant\u00ebur tl luech y scota su cunversazions z\u00ebnza fr\u00ec danterite, jagan l\u2019et\u00e0 dla j\u00ebnt che rejona. Ti ani 2018 y 2019 fovel un\u00ec arjont n plateau, pona cun l covid se al arbass\u00e0 dass\u00ebnn, y \u015b\u00ebn se arbassa la cuota for mo inant. L ie m\u00e9 plu puec raions ulache l ie passa 80% basch (a chisc ti dijen \u201cstronghold\u201d per ngl\u00ebisc). Truep raions che fova dant tla categuria s\u00ebura l 80% ie \u015b\u00ebn sbriscei ju tla categuria danter 60 y l 80%, y c\u00ebr raions che fova il\u00f3 ie sbriscei mo plu inj\u00f9. Una dla gaujes per ch\u00ebsc ie nce che l ne v\u00ebn nia plu fat c\u00ebr prugrams per promuever l basch. Ti ani ulache l fova l plateau fovel mesun per nseniantes y nsenianc st\u00e9 tr\u00ebi ani demez dal nseniam\u00ebnt per mpar\u00e9 basch. Nscila fovel mesun arjonjer na c\u00ebrta cr\u00ebta tl nseniam\u00ebnt dla rujeneda.<\/p>\n

N generel va l euskara doj\u00f9, dantaldut ti luesc turistics y tla gran ziteies. Ma l ie nce vel\u2019 luech ulache la cump\u00ebida de j\u00ebnt che rejona euskara ie avaneda. A Tolosa p. ej. \u00e0 la zit\u00e0 dan 50 ani t\u00ebut la dezijion de ul\u00ebi f\u00e9 dl dut per scun\u00e9 la rujeneda. L chemun \u00e0 nciari\u00e0 cater persones che \u00e0 fat dut n l\u00ebur de sensibilisazion. N \u00e0 met\u00f9 a j\u00ec cursc, lauratueresc y truep depl\u00f9. S\u00eburapr\u00f2 ti an p. ej. nce pai\u00e0 ai patrons de firmes acioche i ti debe n inuem basch a si firma o but\u00ebiga. S\u00eburapr\u00f2 ti an dat l mesun ai cunlaurad\u00ebures de f\u00e9 cursc de euskara y pai\u00e0 i dat\u00ebures de l\u00ebur, acioche i posse t\u00f2 su zachei d\u2019autri, ntan che c\u00ebr\u2019 cunlaurad\u00ebures \u00e0 curs de euskara. A Tolosa iel \u015b\u00ebn plu j\u00ebuni che vedli che rejona euskara. Nscila se desfr\u00ebnza la zit\u00e0 da truep d\u2019autri raions, ulache l ie plu vedli che j\u00ebuni che s\u00e0 da rujen\u00e9 na c\u00ebrta rujeneda.<\/p>\n