Ich muss vorausschicken, dass ich Hans Heiss für einen reflexions- und vernunftbegabten Menschen halte, dessen Ansichten ich nicht selten teile und dessen besonnene Art im von selbstdarstellerischen Egomanen verseuchten Politzirkus eine Wohltat ist.
Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass ein solcher Mensch, wenn es um das Thema Selbstbestimmung geht, grundlegende ideologischen Prinzipien der grünen Bewegung über Bord wirft, seinen geistigen Horizont bei Salurn und am Brenner mit einem meterhohen Stacheldrahtzaun begrenzt und bisweilen Wortspenden von sich gibt, die mehr an Faschosprech oder turbokapitalistische Konservative aus der Londoner City erinnern, als an einen Vertreter der Grünen.
Bereits anlässlich des Selbstbestimmungsreferendums in Schottland stellte sich Heiss – anders als andere Grüne in Europa und darüber hinaus (#GreenYesSupport 01 02 03) – nicht auf die Seite seiner Parteikollegen der Scottish Greens, die mit einem progressiven und liberalen Programm vehement für die Unabhängigkeit Schottlands warben, sondern teilte lieber die Position des “Paradegrünen” David Cameron, indem er treffsicher diagnostizierte:
Ich würde für ein klares “no’ stimmen. Ich glaube, es ist jetzt attraktiv auf diese Welle von Schottlandbegeisterungen aufzuspringen, aber langfristig sind die Vorzüge einer Vereinigung zwischen Schottland und England größer.
Die Vereinigung mit England hat den Schotten bekanntlich den Ausstieg aus der EU beschert, den sie mehrheitlich nicht wollen. Mehr noch: Der Verbleib in der EU war beim Unabhängigkeitsreferendum ein Argument der No-Campaign, die die Angst vor einem EU-Rauswurf im Falle der schottischen Unabhängigkeit schürte.
Man könnte jetzt meinen, dass Heiss ob obiger kolossaler Fehleinschätzung die Lehren gezogen hat und das Thema Selbstbestimmung mittlerweile etwas differenzierter, um nicht zu sagen “grüner” sieht. Aber weit gefehlt. Der Historiker bringt es tatsächlich zuwege, noch einen draufzusetzen. Laut Unsertirol24 meinte Heiss unlängst bei einer Podiumsdiskussion in Prad:
Die doppelte Staatsbürgerschaft ist nicht notwendig. Der Schutz der Südtiroler ist auch so gewährleistet. Zudem fände sich in Österreich keine Mehrheit dazu. Die zwei großen Sprachgruppen in Südtirol stehen sich immer noch mit Misstrauen gegenüber. Mit der doppelten Staatsbürgerschaft würde dies weiter verstärkt. Sie ist ein weiterer Schritt zur Abtrennung von Italien, und die Selbstbestimmung ist dann der nächste Schritt. Deshalb ist sie nicht erstrebenswert.
Ungeachtet seiner Position zur Doppelstaatsbürgerschaft, die man teilen kann oder auch nicht, rückt Heiss das urlinke Prinzip der Selbstbestimmung mit dieser Aussage in die Nähe von etwas Verruchtem, etwas Bösem, etwas Gefährlichem. Er geht sogar soweit, dass Vorschläge deshalb abgelehnt werden sollten, weil sie einer demokratischen Selbstbestimmung in Südtirol förderlich sein könnten.
Ein derart überzogener Panikreflex angesichts eines basisdemokratischen Instruments ist für einen grünen Politiker fast schon pathologisch, zumindest jedoch ein befremdliches Südtiroler Spezifikum, wenn man sich erinnert, dass Heiss im Verein mit seinen grünen Landtagskollegen es sogar geschafft hat, sich prinzipiell gegen den in den Menschenrechten verankerten Selbstbestimmungsgrundsatz zu stellen.
Wer hingegen im Gegensatz zu den Südtiroler Grünen den Blick über den Tellerrand wagt und anstatt sich in nationalstaatlicher Selbstgefälligkeit einzuzigeln, die Aussagen und Stellungnahmen anderer Grüner zum Prinzip der Selbstbestimmung zu Gemüte führt, erkennt recht schnell, dass es sich hier wieder einmal um eine Südtiroler Anomalie handelt:
Our support for a “yes” vote isn’t just a matter of passively following the lead of the Scottish Green Party, nor is it even just our no-comprise respect for the principle of self-determination, the right of peoples to decide their own future.
Natalie Bennett (Vorsitzende der Green Party of England and Wales)
The Greens defend radical democracy and in Catalonia there is a citizen demand in favour of a [self-determination] referendum. For this reason I want to make the personal commitment that, if I am elected Commission President, I will support Catalonia in allowing a consultation vote on its political future and its relationship with Spain.
Ska Keller (Spitzenkandidatin der Europäischen Grünen Partei für die Europawahl 2014)
More precisely, we are striving for the following principles on the local, national, regional as well as global level:
[…] The right of all people to self-determination, particularly indigenous people.
Global Young Greens, Grundsatzprogramm
We promote the building of respectful, positive and responsible relationships across lines of division in the spirit of a multi-cultural society. This requires recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to the basic means of their survival, both economic and cultural, including rights to land and to self determination; and acknowledgment of their contribution to the common heritage of national and global culture.
Constitution of the Green Party of Canada
Grassroots Democracy: The legitimacy of government is derived from the voluntary consent of the governed. The closer the decision-makers are to those who be affected by the decision, the more effective, efficient, and accountable government is. This value is based on Greens’ unshakable conviction that people everywhere have the right to, and capacity for, self-determination.
Wisconsin Green Party, Grundsatzprogramm
The Green Party supports democracy and self-determination worldwide and promotes the U.S. ending its practice of economic and political colonialism. U.S. foreign policy should emphasize promoting other nations’ self-sufficiency and self-determination, rather than ensuring security for overseas American business interests and the retention of military bases.
Green Party of California on Foreign Policy
The Pacific Green Party of Oregon provides a new voice in the political system, to decentralize political and economic power, and to work for peace, justice, basic human equality, self determination, and an ecologically sustainable society.
Pacific Green Party of Oregon, Grundsatzprogramm
We are committed to establishing relationships that honor diversity; that support the self-definition and self-determination of all people; and that consciously confront the barriers of racism, sexism, homophobia, class oppression, ageism, and the many ways our culture separates us from working together.
Green Party of New York, Grundsatzprogramm
The Green Party of Prince Edward Island is guided by these six core principles: Living Within Our Ecological and Financial Means, Local Self-Reliance, Grassroots Democracy, A Just Society, Active Citizenship and Self-Determination and A Culture of Peace.
Green Party of Prince Edward Island, Grundsatzprogramm
Successful development cannot be imposed by powerful institutions outside a country but must be a learning process, in which participatory local, regional and national institutions are free to exercise political and economic self-determination. The task of global institutions should be to enable countries to make their own progress, and not prescribe the methods by which they may do so.
The Green Party UK, Grundsatzprogramm
Both the capitalist and state-socialist form of concentration and monopolization of economic power yield destructive forms of economic growth which contaminate and destroy the very basis of human and natural life. Only by self-determination at the grassroots, the ecological, social and economic crises can be appropriately dealt with. Since we favor self-determination and the free development of every human being, and since we support the idea that people should be able to creatively determine their own needs and wishes free from outside pressure and in harmony with the natural environment, we strongly support human and democratic rights, in our country as well as abroad. […] Grass roots democracy call for active and decentralized direct democracy. Our fundamental belief is that decisions taken at the grassroots must be given priority. The local level is smaller and more easily accountable to the people and therefore must be given maximum autonomy and self-determination.
Auszug aus “Das grüne Manifest”, Gründungsdokument der deutschen Grünen von 1980
Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung sind zentrale Anliegen GRÜNER Politik.
Landesdelegiertenkonferenz Grüne NRW
Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung gehören für uns Bündnisgrüne untrennbar zusammen. Wir kämpfen um den Begriff der Freiheit. Jede und jeder soll sich frei entfalten, so lange damit nicht in die Freiheit der Anderen eingegriffen wird. Doch Freiheit allein bestimmt nicht den grünen Kompass. Sie ist einer von vier Pfeilern, die unsere grüne Programmatik tragen. Bereits unser Grundsatzprogramm von 2002 stellt Selbstbestimmung als einen grünen Grundwert neben Ökologie, erweiterte Gerechtigkeit und lebendige Demokratie. Mit gleicher Intensität treten wir ein für Gewaltfreiheit und Menschenrechte.
Michael Kellner (Politischer Geschäftsführer von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen
Now we should build a united Catalunya front against austerity and social cuts, and for environmental policies. But we must also be open for deep constitutional changes that will allow for democratic self-determination.
Mar Garcia Sanz (Generalsekretärin der European Green Party)
The Greens recognise as per United Nations Resolution 1723 (XVI) of 1961 that under international law Tibetans are entitled to the right of self determination.
The Greens support the finding of the International Commission of Jurists that under international law Tibetans are entitled to the right of self determination.
Australian Greens Policy on Tibet
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have a right to self-determination and political representation, and should be enabled to lead in the development and implementation of public policies, programs and services that affect them.
Australian Greens Policy on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
The Green Party of England and Wales strongly supports Gibraltar’s self-determination. We say again that we entirely support the right of the people of Gibraltar to decide their own style of democratic government at home.
Spencer Fitz-Gibbon (Green Party of England and Wales und Gründer der Green Friends of Gibraltar)
The Green Party supports the efforts of Puerto Ricans to stop this misnamed gas pipeline, and we support self-determination, independence, and democratic sovereignty for the people of Puerto Rico.
Michael Canney (Florida Green and member of the Green Party’s International Committee)
Greens support the right of the people of Puerto Rico to self-determination and independence in conformity with United Nations Resolution 1514(XV) of 1960, which itself affirms that “All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.”
Green Party USA on Puerto Rico
We reaffirm the right of self-determination for both Palestinians and Israelis, which precludes the self-determination of one at the expense of the other.
Green Party USA on Foreign Policy
Green Party leaders expressed sympathy and solidarity with the people of Haiti in the wake of Tuesday’s catastrophic earthquake, and urged President Obama to make peace, political self-determination, and economic self-sufficiency part of US relief efforts for Haiti.
Green Party USA on Haiti
One hundred years after the British Government promised self-determination to the Arab peoples, the Scottish Green Party passed a policy motion in support of self-determination in Palestine.
Eurig Scandrett (Soziologieprofessor an der Queen Margaret University in Edinburgh und Mitglied der schottischen Grünen)
Rest assured then that however many Green Party MPs are elected to Parliament after the 2015 General Election, all of them will be working in Parliament and with the diaspora communities in the UK to bring pressure for intervention with the Indian Government and to call for recognition of and respect for the right of self-determination [of Kashmiris and Sikhs] as set out in the 1966 International Covenants on Human Rights, for the release of political prisoners and for justice for the victims, their families and all those affected over too many years.
Tony Clarke (UK Green Party National Spokesperson on International and Foreign Affairs)
A Senate Motion I moved today declared the continuation of human rights violations is unacceptable, and called for an internationally supervised vote on self-determination [in West Papua]. That it was denied formality and denied a vote by this government is disgraceful.
Richard Di Natale (Vorsitzender der Australian Greens)
Kurdish peoples across four Middle Eastern countries have been striving for self-determination and democracy for many years.
Dee Searle (North London Greens)
Die Grüne Partei unterstützt die saharauische Bevölkerung, welche seit 35 Jahren für seine Selbstbestimmung kämpft und dabei permanent von der marokkanischen Besatzung unterdrückt wird.
Die Schweizer Grünen zum Westsahara-Konflikt
The horizon is not 3 years or 6 years or a decade; it is multiple generations into the future, and that should guide our decision making and our actions at this point and from this point forward to ensure that we acknowledge the past, heal the hurt that was done, and give MÄoridom a base to determine its own future. That is the essence of rangatiratanga—self-determination—and it cannot be done in a vacuum. As the lands are returned, as the financial redress is made, as the cultural redress is determined, we can look forward to a future that we can collectively be proud of. Kia ora.
David Clendon (MP for the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand)
For 15 years now Bulgaria, an EU Member State, has denied its Macedonian and Turkish minorities the right to self-determination. Bulgaria has not only defied the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, which convicted the country of discrimination, but also continuously violates Article 2 of the EU Treaty as well as Articles 21 and 22 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, which safeguard the right to self-determination and the protection of minorities.
We call on the international community to respect the following principles in their reactions to events unfolding in countries such as Bahrain, Syria, Yemen:
1. To uphold the right of each sovereign peoples to political self-determination and to achieve thisby peaceful assembly and demonstration.
In New Caledonia, France, many rights have been devolved to the Kanak people under an ongoing process that started after the Nouméa agreement of 1998 that ended a period of revolts. A self-determination referendum should take place before 2018.
A fair referendum on the self-determination of Western Sahara needs to be conducted without delay.
Though Sà¡mi Parliaments have been established in Finland, Norway and Sweden, these institutions have too little power of self-determination. The official representation of the Sà¡mi in Finland, the Sà¡mi Parliament, is threatened by the possibility of opening up voter status in the Sà¡mi Parliament to a large number of ethnic Finns. Should this come true, the Sà¡mi in Finland would be in danger of being assimilated into the majority population.
Auszüge aus Resolutionen der European Green Party
The resolution, proposed by Greens delegates from PNG, Solomon Islands, New Zealand and Indonesia recognises and supports the human rights and self determination of the people of West Papua as Melanesians and supports their bid for membership of the Melanesian Spearhead Group.
http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/276297/asia-pacific-greens-adopt-west-papua-resolution
The Catalan Greens have always supported the right to decide and placed self-determination as a core democratic value. Its exercise in this current context is no other than the celebration of a referendum with the participation of the whole Catalan population to determine the will of the majority on the relation the territory should have with the Spanish state.
https://europeangreens.eu/news/early-elections-catalonia
With the participation of MEP Ana Miranda, the World Network for Collective Rights of People with the Centre Maurits Coppieters organises a seminar at the European Parliament in Brussels on the subject of self-determination and new governance models.
The seminar will feature speakers from Quebec, Catalonia, the Basque Country, Kabylia and Kurdistan who will look at new possibilities for self-determination in the context of democratic governance and collective rights. They aim at finding alternative solutions to the challenges posed by the radical changes of the international scene at political, social and economic level.
The seminar aims to bring together those fighting for self-determination to share ideas and experiences and look at new opportunities that present themselves.
http://www.greens-efa.eu/the-right-to-self-determination-new-governance-models-8283.html
Nachtrag:
Auch in Zukunft kann sich die Demokratie nur erhalten und fruchtbar weiter entwickeln, wenn sich die Menschen engagieren und für ihr demokratisches Selbstbestimmungsrecht einstehen. Die Demokratie wird auch in Zukunft nur so weit gehen, wie der Selbstbestimmungswille der Menschen, die sie tragen.
Grundsatzprogramm “Die Zukunft ist grün” von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen
If US and NATO forces prolong military action and attempt an occupation to stabilize Libya, the result will be more civilian lives lost and a disaster similar to the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan, and the evaporation of hopes for freedom and democratic self-determination for the Libyan people.
Romi Elnagar (Member of the Green Party of Louisiana and the Green Party’s International Committee)
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